Dharmapala
Also spelled in Skt. as dvarapala, dvarapalalikaTib., chos skyon
Although these deities do exist in the Indian tradition, where they are guardians of temples
to the gods Shiva and Vishnu,
the term is most often used for eight major and several minor guardians of
Tantric Buddhism as practiced in the Himalayan countries and regions.
Dharmapalas can usually be recognized by various attributes
they are depicted as wearing or carrying.
Among these, one finds clothing made of tiger-, elephant- or human skin, bone or skull-made
anklets, garlands, necklaces or girdles; as well as the
crown of five skulls. Hand-held implements include
the skull cup and
double skull drum as well the
flaying knife and many more.
The major Dharmapalas, also known as the Eight Terrible Ones, are listed below:
| Sanskrit Name | Tibetan Name (spelling) |
| Sitabrahma | Tsangpa Karpo (ts'ans-pa dkar-po) |
| Hayagriva | Tamdrin (rta-mgrin) |
| Kubera | Namthose (rnam-thos-ras) |
| Mahakala | Gompo (mgon-po) |
| Ekamatri Sridevi | Peldan Lhamo |
| Yama | Shinje (gsin-rje) |
| Yamantaka | Shinjeshe (gsin-rje gsed) |
| ? | Begtse (beg-ts'e) |